The Rubin switch still features a copper backplane, and in 그 respect, intra-rack data transfer remains on copper, as in the Blackwell era, but the front panel uses CPO (Co-Packaged Optics) over fiber. However, different versions are coming where copper is used for pluggables as well. CPO is a TSMC-Lumentum collaboration; coherent pluggables might be from Nokia.
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